ࡱ> ;=:g R90bjbjVV24r<r<8$C444z||||||$z]44444.BBB4zB4zBBBb#`F:Bf0CBCRCBCB$44B44444B444C4444C444444444, H: Committee I: The Third Committee of General Assembly Topic A: Protection of Children and Women Rights in Modern WarfareDouble DelegatesWorking LanguageEnglishIntroduction: War in modern times has been the inclusion of civilians. Civilian fatalities in wartime climbed from 5 per cent at the turn of the century, to 15 per cent during World War I, to 65 per cent by the end of World War II, to more than 90 per cent in the wars of the 1990s. The most prominent feature of modern warfare is that women and children are the main victims, and they account for an estimated 80 percent of refugees and displaced persons worldwide. Reports frequently show that women suffer disproportionately because of their sex and pervasive gender inequality. During armed conflict, women are routinely targeted for rape and sexual violence as a strategic tool of war. It has been estimated that more than 20,000 women have been raped since the Balkan war began in 1992. Conflict-related sexual and gender-based violence is almost always accompanied by the loss of livelihoods and the destruction of family and community structures. These exacerbate existing gender inequality, demonstrated by the reality that women bearing the burden of poverty in all societies are more likely to have limited or no access to education and employment, and are less mobile because of their stereotypical traditional and reproductive roles. New weapons and patterns of conflict that include deliberate attacks against civilians are increasingly turning children into primary targets of war. "Armed conflict kills and maims more children than soldiers," notes a new United Nations report by an UN Secretary-General's expert. It is estimated that 500,000 under-five-year-olds died as a result of armed conflicts in 1992 alone. They are the main victims of these armed conflicts who most desperately require protection. The international community has begun to recognize the need to protect women and children victimized in the modern wars. UN resolutions or documentations can be the effective focus on this field that the protection of these innocent victims of war should be treated as a top priority.Topic B: LGBT RightsDouble DelegatesWorking LanguageEnglishIntroduction: LGBT is an initialism that collectively refers to the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender community. Homophobic and transphobic violence has been recorded in every region of the world, and ranges from murder, kidnappings, assaults and rapes to psychological threats and arbitrary deprivations of liberty. LGBT people are often targets of organized abuse from religious extremists, paramilitary groups, neo-Nazis, extreme nationalists and others, as well as family and community violence, with lesbians and transgender women at particular risk. The first discussion of LGBT rights on the UN was in 2008, when a European Union-backed statement was presented to the United Nations General Assembly. In the United Nations Human Rights Council another resolution supporting LGBT rights, proposed by South Africa, was successfully passed in 2011. The first ever United Nations report on the human rights of LGBT is released in 15 December 2011. We must tackle the violence, decriminalize consensual same-sex relationships, ban discrimination, and educate the public.As UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon said,The time has come.Note: The General Assembly Third Committee: The General Assembly allocates to its Social, Humanitarian and Cultural Affairs Committee, commonly referred to as "the Third Committee", which agenda items is related to a range of social, humanitarian affairs and human rights issues that affect people all over the world. Committee II: United Nations Security CouncilTopic: Syria IssueDouble DelegatesWorking LanguageEnglishIntroduction: Located in Western Asia and bordering the Mediterranean Sea to the West, Syria is a country of 21 million people with a Sunni Muslim majority (74%) and significant minorities of Alawites - the Shia heterodox sect to which Mr. Assad belongs - and Christians. Much of the power in Syrian government was wielded by his family and other Alawites, giving rise to grievance among the majority Sunni community. The sanctions imposed by the Arab League, US and EU affected the economic progress. Whats more, the pro-democracy movement in Tunisia and Egypt influenced the situation in Syria. With the dissatisfaction for the crackdown on political dissent, the restriction of expression and the economic privilege held by the elite, an anti-government protest, demanding President Bashar al-Assad's resignation, began in March 2011. The crackdown on dissent by Syrian government further escalated the situation. Fighting reached the capital Damascus and second city of Aleppo in 2012. With the intensification of violence and the increase of casualties, the UN appointed joint special representatives and dispatched UN Supervision Mission in Syria (UNSMIS)jlvz|~` b , - u v w B`ssgR(hB*CJaJfHphq hhhCJaJo(hhhCJPJaJhhhB*CJaJphhhhCJaJ.hhhB*CJaJfHphq hhB*CJaJo(phhhhhB*CJaJph.hhhhB*CJaJfHphq hhhCJPJaJhhCJPJaJo(l F  2#2p,K.x/!7$8$WD`!gdh !WD`!gdh7$8$7$8$WD`gdh WD`gdh`c=defg.EF02LNJKLƽưƽưưƧƚưưvvvvkchhCJaJhx:thhCJaJhhhhCJPJaJhhCJPJaJo(hhCJaJo(hhhCJPJaJhCJaJo(hhhCJPJaJhhCJaJo(hhhCJaJ.hhhB*CJaJfHphq +hB*CJaJfHo(phq &LstPSTu{./ļļv^^SJhCJaJo(hhhCJaJ.hhB*CJaJfHphq .hhhB*CJaJfHphq 1hhhB*CJaJfHo(phq )h\N^hhB*CJKHOJQJ^JphhhCJaJh\N^hhCJaJhhCJaJmH o(sH hx:thhCJaJmH sH hx:thhCJaJhhCJaJo(LNop>,,,---w/x/~/*0+0,0.0/0102040508090ѹѷѹѫxplplplplxhjhU!hhB*CJPJaJph!hhhB*CJPJaJph hhhB*CJaJo(phhhhCJaJo(UhhCJPJaJhhhhCJPJaJo(hhhhCJPJaJhhhhCJPJaJhhCJPJaJo(hhCJaJo( to monitor the human rights violations and mediate between the government and the opposition with the international community. The source from the UN indicates 70,000 people were killed from 15 March 2011 to 12 February 2013, including civilians, rebels, and security forces. The OCHA estimated about two million people had been internally displaced because of the fighting by January 2013, with more than one million Syrians registered seeking refuge in Jordan, Lebanon, Iraq and Turkey. The casualty of civilians has always been the focus in the UN and the international community. The claims of the use of chemical weapons in recent clashes in Syria attracted international attention. Syria is believed to possess mustard gas and sarin, a highly toxic nerve agent. The US president Barack Obama indicated it as a game changer prompting other options of international intervention. Note:The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations and is charged with the maintenance of international peace and security.x/~/+0-0.00010304060708090gdh7$8$WD`gdh 0182P. 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